Blog · Referrals

The steps in word-of-mouth between businesses and new clients

A referral isn't always a referral. Between a name scribbled on a piece of paper and a face-to-face introduction there are five rungs, and the higher you climb, the less work is left for the person receiving it. Here is the full path — and what it means that almost no one climbs all of it.

Published 11 November 2021 · revised 16 August 2026

The path

Five rungs, in order of commitment

This is an ideal path. You can consider yourself satisfied if you complete most of it — and the first two, alone, are almost never enough.

1 · Name and contact details

Whoever refers you hands your contact details to someone. If that person genuinely expects your call, it's a legitimate reference — but it's the lowest rung, and all the work is still yours.

2 · Supporting material

One step further: whoever is introducing you also passes along something to look at — the website, a datasheet, a document. It's the first impression the prospective client forms of you, so it matters that it's well made and well presented.

3 · The shared experience

Here things start to get serious: the person introducing you recounts their own experience with you. It's the first real level of recommendation, and the moment they show the prospective client that they trust you.

4 · The organised meeting

They call on your behalf, feel out the ground, set the appointment. They've stopped just passing on information: they're spending their own time and their own name so the two of you can sit down together.

5 · Being at the meeting

The last rung: not only do they organise the meeting, they come to it. For the prospective client, it's someone they trust, sitting right there while you talk. It's the most anyone can do for you without doing your job for you.

The thing to notice

Reading back through the five rungs, what grows isn't the quality of the contact: it's how much the person introducing you exposes themselves.

One word at a time

Why the fifth rung is rare, and not out of laziness

The law

In every reference, the one taking the risk isn't the person being referred: it's the person making the reference. Climbing a rung means putting a bit more reputation into play, and at the fifth rung there's a lot in play — if the meeting goes badly, the person who organised it is sitting right there watching. It's the Sixth Law, the Law of Referred Risk.

What changes, with the right words

Whoever reaches the third rung isn't just a tipster: in the discipline they are a Connector, and what they do is a reference — an act with a name, a date and a consequence.

And the match is how the discipline makes the fourth rung normal: the introduction is calculated, both parties have to say yes before sitting down, and the person who made it possible doesn't even have to organise the phone call. The high rung stops depending on anyone's heroics.

These aren't five levels of reference. They're five levels of risk, taken on by whoever makes it for you.

The first step

Where your company stands, as a number

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